Year: 2026 | Month: August | Volume: 16 | Issue: 8 | Pages: 49-54
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20260805
Assessment of Pulmonary Function Parameters in Bronchial Asthma: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Sharad Kumar1, Garima Pandey2, Prince Kumar Patel3
1Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, ASMC, Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh,
2Tutor, Department of Physiology, ASMC, Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh,
3Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, ASMC, Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh
Corresponding Author: Prince Kumar Patel
ABSTRACT
Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), particularly spirometry, are essential for objective assessment of lung function and evaluation of disease severity. This study was undertaken to assess and compare pulmonary function parameters between bronchial asthma patients and healthy individuals.
Material & Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 80 participants. Comprising 40 diagnosed bronchial asthma patients (cases) and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Pulmonary function parameters, including Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV₁), and FEV₁/FVC ratio, were measured using a standardized spirometer. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and comparisons between groups were performed using the independent Student’s t-test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The study demonstrated a significant reduction in pulmonary function parameters among asthma patients compared to healthy controls. The mean FVC (63.5 ± 12.7 vs. 98.2 ± 12.1), FEV₁ (49.8 ± 16.4 vs. 92.4 ± 9.8), and FEV₁/FVC ratio (81.5 ± 14.5 vs. 98.6 ± 8.2) were significantly lower in asthma patients. All differences were highly statistically significant (p < 0.001). These findings indicate marked airflow limitation and impaired lung function in bronchial asthma.
Conclusion: Bronchial asthma patients exhibit significantly reduced pulmonary function compared to healthy individuals, reflecting an obstructive pattern of lung impairment. Spirometry remains a valuable tool for early diagnosis, assessment, and monitoring of asthma, emphasizing its importance in clinical practice.
Key words: Bronchial asthma, pulmonary function test, spirometry, FEV₁, FVC, airflow obstruction