Year: 2026 | Month: February | Volume: 16 | Issue: 2 | Pages: 373-379
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20260242
A Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome in Reproductive-Age Women
Rameshwari Malshetty1, Mahesh B. Tondare2, Shradha Tondare3, Praveen Ganganahalli4
1Assistant Professor, Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar – Karnataka
2Assistant Professor, Dept of Community Medicine, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar – Karnataka
3Assistant Professor, Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalburgi – Karnataka
4Professor (Additional), Dept of Community Medicine, BLDE(DU) Shri. B. M. Patil Medical College, Vijayapura – Karnataka
Corresponding Author: Dr. Mahesh B. Tondare
ABSTRACT
Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among reproductive-age women and is frequently associated with metabolic derangements. The coexistence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in PCOS increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, making early detection clinically essential. Aim: To determine the prevalence of PCOS and its association with Metabolic Syndrome in reproductive-age women.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 women aged 18-40 years attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. PCOS was diagnosed using Rotterdam criteria (2003), while MetS was defined according to NCEP ATP III guidelines. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipid profile were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25.0, with χ² and t-tests applied as appropriate; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean age of participants was 27.9 ± 4.2 years, with a mean BMI of 26.8 ± 3.9 kg/m². The overall prevalence of PCOS was 34.4% (95% CI: 27.9-41.6%), while MetS prevalence was 26.7% (95% CI: 20.9-33.3%). Among women with PCOS, 41.9% had concurrent MetS compared to 18.6% among non-PCOS women (RR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.40-3.63; p = 0.0008). Central obesity (56.5% vs 35.6%), elevated triglycerides (51.6% vs 33.1%), and low HDL-C (61.3% vs 42.4%) were significantly more common in the PCOS group. The prevalence of PCOS rose progressively with increasing BMI (p = 0.007).
Conclusion: A strong association exists between PCOS and MetS in reproductive-age women, driven mainly by central obesity and dyslipidemia. Screening for metabolic risk factors should form an integral part of PCOS management to prevent future cardiometabolic complications.
Key words: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Metabolic Syndrome, Reproductive-age Women