Year: 2026 | Month: February | Volume: 16 | Issue: 2 | Pages: 268-274
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20260230
Effect of Duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Impairment of Lung Functions: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abhishek Kumar Singh1, Danish Rastogi2, Shraddha Singh3
1,2,3Department of Physiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India.
Corresponding Author: Dr. Abhishek Kumar Singh
ABSTRACT
Background:Pulmonary complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are frequently underrecognized. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the duration of T2DM and pulmonary function impairment using spirometry.
Methodology:A cross-sectional study was conducted at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, including 129 diabetic patients and 129 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls. Pulmonary function was assessed using standard spirometry measuring FEV₁, FVC, and FEV₁/FVC ratio. Diabetic subjects were categorized into three groups based on disease duration: <3 years, 3-5 years, and >5 years. Comparisons were analyzed using unpaired t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation.
Results:FEV₁ and FVC values were significantly lower in T2DM patients compared to controls (FEV₁: 2.55 ± 0.42 vs. 2.79 ± 0.43 L; FVC: 3.18 ± 0.51 vs. 3.47 ± 0.59 L; p<0.001). FEV₁ and FVC showed a progressive decline with increasing duration of diabetes. However, the FEV₁/FVC ratio did not differ significantly. A significant negative correlation was found between the duration of diabetes and FEV₁ (r = -0.39) and FVC (r = -0.35).
Conclusion:Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is associated with a statistically significant decline in pulmonary function, particularly in those with longer disease duration. These findings suggest a restrictive ventilatory pattern and highlight the need for routine lung function monitoring in diabetic care.
Key words: FVC, FEV1, Spirometry, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus