Year: 2026 | Month: October | Volume: 16 | Issue: 10 | Pages: 170-175
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20261018
Age and Sequence of Eruption of Permanent Central Incisors, Lateral Incisors and First Molars During Mixed Dentition Phase Among School Children in Prayagraj: A Cross-Sectional Study
Arvind Kumar1, Rajesh Kumar Rai2, Dinesh Kumar Singh3, Archana Kaul4
1Junior Resident III, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Motilal Nehru Medical College, Prayagraj.
2Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Motilal Nehru Medical College, Prayagraj.
3Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Motilal Nehru Medical College, Prayagraj.
4Professor and Head, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Motilal Nehru Medical College, Prayagraj.
Corresponding Author: Dr. Archana Kaul
ABSTRACT
Background: Dental development is useful for age estimation in children, especially when reliable birth records are not available. Clinically, the eruption of permanent teeth is a simple, non-invasive and inexpensive method that can provide supportive information during the mixed dentition period.
Objective: To determine the mean age and sequence of eruption of the permanent first molars, central incisors and lateral incisors among school children in Prayagraj.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 394 children aged 5–15 years. The study was carried out by the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Prayagraj, among students of Jwala Devi Saraswati Shishu Mandir, Civil Lines, Prayagraj. The clinical eruption status of the selected permanent teeth was recorded in the maxillary and mandibular arches.
Results: Of the 394 children, 275 (69.8%) were male and 119 (30.2%) were female. The mean age at eruption of the first permanent molar was 6.57 years in both arches. The mandibular and maxillary central incisors erupted at mean ages of 6.77 and 6.84 years, respectively, while the mandibular and maxillary lateral incisors erupted at 7.32 and 7.62 years, respectively. Among the teeth studied, the eruption sequence was first molar, followed by central incisor and then lateral incisor. The original dataset also placed the presence of CI + M1 and CI + M1 + LI within an estimated age range of 5–9 years.
Conclusion: The first permanent molar erupted earliest among the teeth studied. Mandibular incisors erupted slightly earlier than their maxillary counterparts. These findings may provide supportive local reference information for age assessment during the early mixed dentition period.
Key words: Dental age estimation; Tooth eruption; Permanent first molar; Central incisor; Lateral incisor; Mixed dentition; Forensic odontology.