Year: 2025 | Month: April | Volume: 15 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 362-371
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20250450
Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and Splint Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies
Dr Nikita Agarwal1, Dr Subrat Kumar Satapathy2
1Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,
SCB Dental College, Utkal University, Cuttack, India.
Corresponding Author: Dr Nikita Agarwal
ABSTRACT
Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) are a series of musculoskeletal ailments pertaining to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and are associated structures. They present with pain, dysfunction, and reduced quality of life. Splint therapy is one of the most common non-surgical treatments for TMD, with the objectives of providing symptomatic relief and helping in the restoration of jaw function. This review article attempts to provide a holistic approach to TMDs: their etiology, clinical presentation, and the place of splint therapy in its management. The article also mentions the classification of splints, mechanisms of their action, and evidence for their effectiveness. Finally, it cites the disadvantages and limitations of splint therapy and emphasizes that management of TMDs would be the most efficient through a multidisciplinary approach
Key words: Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD), Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ), Splint Therapy, Bruxism, Jaw Dysfunction, Myofascial Pain, Disc Displacement