Original Research Article
Year: 2022 | Month: January | Volume: 12 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 157-160
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220122
The Positivity of Anti - TPO and Anti - tTGA in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Albania
Margarita Kurti
University of Medicine, Albania.
ABSTRACT
Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1 DM) is the most common type of diabetes in children. T1DM patients are also at higher risk of other comorbid autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), celiac disease (CD). The thyroid-specific immune damage of AITD is strongly associated with elevated serum thyroid peroxidase (TPO). Tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTGA) is a specific antibody and a serological marker of CD.
This study aimed to evaluate the positivity of anti - TPO and anti - tTGA in children with T1DM after they were diagnosed.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from January 2019 to October 2020, included 105 children with T1DM. 44 children matching in aged (1 - 14 years) and gender were taken as control with other diagnoses (16 with viral infection, 24 with short stature, 4 with genetic disorders). The antibodies were checked up for the first time after they were diagnosed. Anti - TPO and anti - tTGA were carried out by ELISA.
Results: 55.2% of T1DM children were girls. The anti-TPO was positive in 30.5% of T1DM children compared to 4.5% of children in control group. The anti-tTGA was positive in 7.6% of T1DM children compared to 2.3% of children in control group. Risk of Hashimoto's hypothyroidism was more in children older than 10 years old. 21.9% of children 11 - 14 years old were anti - TPO positive, but it was 16.2%, more common in girls. While, anti - tTGA was positive in 3.85% of children 1 - 5 years old with no difference between boys and girls.
Conclusion The most frequent autoimmune disease resulted Hashimoto's hypothyroidism.
Girls with T1DM have a higher predisposition to Hashimoto's Hypothyroidism in the 11-14 age group compared to boys. Children with T1DM were found to have a lower predisposition to CD. Children with T1DM have a higher predisposition to develop CD at the age of 1 - 5 years.
In conclusion we can say that antibodies to other autoimmune diseases must be performed together with diagnostic examinations for T1DM.
Key words: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Autoimmune Thyroid Disease, Celiac Disease, Thyroid Peroxidase, Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody.