Original Research Article
Year: 2021 | Month: July | Volume: 11 | Issue: 7 | Pages: 105-110
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210715
Serum Electrolytes Disturbances in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Jivanraj Bohara1, Saroj Kunwar2, Govinda Akela Poudel3, Shyam Raj Joshi4, Shashi Gurung5
1Laboratory Instructor, Modern Technical College, Lalitpur, Nepal
2,3Assistant Professor, Modern Technical College, Lalitpur, Nepal
4Laboratory In charge, Baitadi District Hospital Molecular Laboratory, Baitadi, Nepal
5Laboratory Technologist, School of Medical Sciences (SMS) Banasthali, Kathmandu, Nepal
Corresponding Author: Jivanraj Bohara
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Type II diabetes mellitus is considered as a global epidemic that can lead to the complication related to renal, retinal and vascular system. Measurement of ions like sodium, potassium and chloride can be useful as a marker for the patient’s susceptibility to develop diabetes related complications. Thus, our study focuses on observing the electrolyte imbalances in type II diabetes patients.
Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted at Star Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. A total of 400 (200 type II diabetic and 200 healthy subjects) participants were enrolled. Blood sample was collected and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured by glucose oxidase-peroxidase method and serum sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-) were measured by ion selective electrode method.
Results: In type 2 diabetic patients serum sodium was decreased while potassium and chloride was found to be increased than healthy subjects. We found negative correlation between fasting plasma glucose and sodium (r= -0.36, p= 0.001). On the other hand positive correlation was found between fasting plasma glucose with potassium and chloride (r=0.194, p=0.006 and r= 0.36, p=0.001) respectively.
Conclusion: The serum sodium was found to be decreased with the rise in fasting plasma glucose. On the flip side, serum potassium and chloride was increased with the increase in fasting plasma glucose level. Therefore management of type 2 diabetes must include electrolyte profile test to monitor increase or decrease of electrolyte concentration to prevent the patient’s risk of developing the diabetes associated complications.
Key words: Diabetes mellitus, electrolytes, glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride.